Monthly Archives: July 2017

On the Road: National Adaptation Forum

Posted on July 20, 2017 by Margo Mercer

by Daniel Brown and Jeff Collins

Jeff Collins, Director of Conservation Science, and Daniel Brown, Climate Change Program Coordinator, attended the National Adaptation Forum (NAF) in May in Saint Paul Minnesota.

The National Adaptation Forum is a gathering of scientists, educators, and community leaders working to address the challenges of climate change.

The field of climate adaptation is advancing rapidly, and Daniel presented on Mass Audubon’s work with communities to identify local critical weather thresholds. Thresholds are used to plan for emergencies and design infrastructure, but those thresholds are often outdated and difficult to measure. On top of that, climate change is making extreme weather events change over time, creating a great deal of uncertainty for communities looking to stay safe, healthy, and resilient. That may be soon changing, however, based on the assessment of experts at NAF. Land managers and city planners may soon get a whole host of new tools that will help plan for the size and frequency of future extreme weather.

Some of the most common themes discussed at NAF were environmental justice and the need for ecological conservation efforts to make communities more resilient. For years, the focus has been on what’s called “green” infrastructure—using restored landscape types like parks, greenways, and rain gardens to lessen the effects of climate change. Now the focus seems to be shifting to protecting undeveloped open areas and letting nature provide a resilient, adaptable places for people and wildlife. Mass Audubon’s Mapping and Prioritizing Parcels for Resilience (MAPPR) tool will help with that effort by allowing land conservationists to identify parcels that are a high priority for protection.

Climate change poses many challenges for our communities in the decades ahead. Underserved communities with less access to open space tend to be particularly vulnerable, but the inspiring work of so many institutions across North America gives plenty of reasons to be hopeful.

Please consider supporting our bird conservation work by making a donation today. Thank you!

The Treasure Islands of Essex County

Posted on July 20, 2017 by Margo Mercer

by Chris Leahy, Gerard A. Bertrand Chair of Natural History and Field Ornithology emeritus

Halfway Rock © Chris Leahy

There is something about islands. Their remoteness generates a certain mystique. Even islands inhabited by people have an aura of “away-ness,” and uninhabited ones stimulate visions of hidden treasures of one kind or another. There is also an ecological significance to islands: their plants and animal communities are often different from those of even nearby mainlands; their isolation from other populations promote evolutionary change; and they may act as refuges for certain species because they are hard to reach by predators.

The coastal waters of Essex County from Nahant Bay to Cape Ann are dotted with more than 50 islands ranging in size from small rocky “skerries” which are nearly submerged at high tide to the well-wooded 83-acre Great Misery Island, two of them populated at least seasonally. In 2002 these were formally designated as the Essex County Coastal Birds Islands Important Bird Area*, due to their breeding populations of water birds that rarely nest on the mainland, including a number of rare or uncommon species.

Straitsmouth Island © Chris Leahy

This summer Mass Audubon’s Conservation Science Department, supported by a grant from the Nuttall Ornithological Club, and the help of several generous private boat owners began a survey of these islands with the following basic objectives:

Developing a comprehensive understanding of past and current bird survey efforts, data sources, and management activities.
Completing an assessment of current breeding bird activity on the islands.
Identifying existing stresses such as human use, presence of rats and other predators, vegetation change, and climate vulnerability.
Developing recommendations for future management in support of the breeding birds.
Raising public awareness of the importance of these islands through programming and networking with state and regional conservation entities.

The survey has already turned up a number of previously unrecorded breeding sites for wading birds and American Oystercatcher. We will be publishing more detailed results in the near future.

*An Important Bird Area (IBA) is an area identified using an internationally agreed upon set of criteria as being globally important for the conservation of bird populations. The program was developed and sites are identified by Birdlife International based in Cambridge, England. Currently there are over 12,000 IBAs worldwide and 79 in Massachusetts.

Please consider supporting our bird conservation work by making a donation today. Thank you!

In the Field: Elm Hill

Posted on July 19, 2017 by Jeff Ritterson

Past blog posts about our Elm Hill Sanctuary – a Foresters for the Birds demonstration site—have largely discussed the planning of forestry practices to manage and enhance bird habitat. We kicked the project off last fall and winter, when our migratory birds were hundreds or thousands of miles away. So, until spring arrived, we were not able to work much with the birds themselves.

A primary focus of the program is indeed birds and their habitat, so it is important to assess how effective any implemented forestry practices are. This enables us to make adjustments to future management and maximize the benefit for birds. We do this by monitoring how the birds respond. At the earliest, on the ground management at Elm Hill will not happen until this coming winter. However, we will need to compare the future bird response to current, baseline conditions. A before-and-after, if you will.

Late May through early July is the ideal time to sample breeding birds. Migration is over, so all the birds have arrived and will likely remain through the season. They are on breeding territories and actively singing, which helps us to detect their presence. During this time we can begin to answer some important questions.

For example, which species are present, and what are their general habitat preferences? How many species are present? How many individuals of each species are present? Is a particular species absent that we may have expected? Answering questions like these help us to characterize the current bird community. Answering the same questions after habitat management will help us assess just how effective our efforts were.

This is why, with the help of volunteers, Sheila Carroll and Mark Lynch, we recently completed a series of point count surveys at Elm Hill, all within areas that are slated for management in the near future. With this initial information in hand, we will eventually see how things change after management, which is geared towards helping species in need of conservation action. The next step will be to dig into the data, and some results will be shared in future Elm Hill updates. Stay tuned!